Faculty Profiles

Lin, Y., Lin, Z., Lv, S., Shui, Y., Zhu, W., Zhang, Z., … Liang, C. (2025). A Nd@C82-polymer interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08961-9

Zhang, M., Fang, S., Cai, W., Huynh, C., Göktepe, F., Oh, J., … Baughman, R. H. (2025). Mandrel-free fabrication of giant spring-index and stroke muscles for diverse applications. Science, 387(6738), 1101–1108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr6708

Wang, D., Shen, W., Li, M., Zhang, M., Mu, J., & Cai, W. (2024). Advancements in endohedral metallofullerenes: novel metal–cage interactions driving new phenomena and emerging applications. Chemical Communications, 60(99), 14733–14749. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cc04341c

Yang, L., Zhang, Y., Cai, W., Tan, J., Hansen, H., Wang, H., … Mu, J. (2024). Electrochemically-driven actuators: from materials to mechanisms and from performance to applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 53(11), 5956–6010. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs00906h

Zhang, M., Cai, W., Wang, Z., Fang, S., Zhang, R., Lu, H., … Baughman, R. H. (2023). Mechanical energy harvesters with tensile efficiency of 17.4% and torsional efficiency of 22.4% based on homochirally plied carbon nanotube yarns. Nature Energy, 8(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01191-7

Cai, W., Zhang, M., Echegoyen, L., & Lu, X. (2023). Recent advances in endohedral metallofullerenes. Fundamental Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.004

Wang, Z., Mun, T. J., Machado, F. M., Moon, J. H., Fang, S., Aliev, A. E., … Baughman, R. H. (2022). More Powerful Twistron Carbon Nanotube Yarn Mechanical Energy Harvesters. Advanced Materials, 34(27). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201826

Cai, W., Alvarado, J., Metta-Magaña, A., Chen, N., & Echegoyen, L. (2020). Interconversions between Uranium Mono-metallofullerenes: Mechanistic Implications and Role of Asymmetric Cages. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142(30), 13112–13119. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c04888

Cai, W., Bocarsly, J. D., Gomez, A., Letona Lee, R. J., Metta-Magaña, A., Seshadri, R., & Echegoyen, L. (2020). High blocking temperatures for DyScS endohedral fullerene single-molecule magnets. Chemical Science, 11(48), 13129–13136. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sc05265e

Wang, Y., Morales-Martínez, R., Cai, W., Zhuang, J., Yang, W., Echegoyen, L., … Chen, N. (2019). Th@C₁(11)-C₈₆: an actinide encapsulated in an unexpected C₈₆ fullerene cage. Chemical Communications, 55(63), 9271–9274. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc04613e

Cai, W., Chen, C.-H., Chen, N., & Echegoyen, L. (2019). Fullerenes as Nanocontainers That Stabilize Unique Actinide Species Inside: Structures, Formation, and Reactivity. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52(7), 1824–1833. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00229

Cai, W., Abella, L., Zhuang, J., Zhang, X., Feng, L., Wang, Y., … Chen, N. (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of Non-Isolated-Pentagon-Rule Actinide Endohedral Metallofullerenes U@C₁(17418)-C₇₆, U@C₁(28324)-C₈₀, and Th@C₁(28324)-C₈₀: Low-Symmetry Cage Selection Directed by a Tetravalent Ion. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(51), 18039–18050. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b10435

Cai, W., Murillo, J., & Echegoyen, L. (2017). Endohedral Clusterfullerenes: Future Perspectives. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 6(6), M3031–M3034. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0081706jss

Cai, W., Morales-Martínez, R., Zhang, X., Najera, D., Romero, E. L., Metta-Magaña, A., … Echegoyen, L. (2017). Single crystal structures and theoretical calculations of uranium endohedral metallofullerenes (U@C_2n, 2n = 74, 82) show cage isomer dependent oxidation states for U. Chemical Science, 8(8), 5282–5290. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc01711a

Zhao, S., Zhao, P., Cai, W., Bao, L., Chen, M., Xie, Y., … Lu, X. (2017). Stabilization of Giant Fullerenes C₂(41)-C₉₀, D₃(85)-C₉₂, C₁(132)-C₉₄, C₂(157)-C₉₆, and C₁(175)-C₉₈ by Encapsulation of a Large La₂C₂ Cluster: The Importance of Cluster–Cage Matching. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(13), 4724–4728. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b11970

Cai, W., Li, F.-F., Bao, L., Xie, Y., & Lu, X. (2016). Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of La₂C₂@C_s(574)-C₁₀₂ and La₂C₂@C₂(816)-C₁₀₄: Evidence for the Top-Down Formation Mechanism of Fullerenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138(20), 6670–6675. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b03934

Chen, M., Shen, W., Bao, L., Cai, W., Xie, Y., Akasaka, T., & Lu, X. (2015). Regioselective Thermal Reaction between Triethylamine and C₆₀ Revisited: X‐ray Confirmation of the Pentane‐Fused Adduct and in Situ Mechanism Study. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015(26), 5742–5746. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201500814

Cai, W., Bao, L., Zhao, S., Xie, Y., Akasaka, T., & Lu, X. (2015). Anomalous Compression of D₅(450)-C₁₀₀ by Encapsulating La₂C₂ Cluster instead of La₂. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137(32), 10292–10296. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b05668

Cai, W., Chen, M., Bao, L., Xie, Y., Akasaka, T., & Lu, X. (2015). In‐Depth Understanding of the Chemical Properties of Rarely Explored Carbide Cluster Metallofullerenes: A Case Study of Sc₂C₂@C_3v(8)‐C₈₂ that Reveals a General Rule. Chemistry – A European Journal, 21(8), 3449–3454. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201405493

Liu, B., Fang, H., Li, X., Cai, W., Bao, L., Rudolf, M., … Guldi, D. M. (2015). Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Sc₃N@C₈₀‐Corrole Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugate. Chemistry – A European Journal, 21(2), 746–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201405572

Liu, B., Cong, H., Li, X., Yu, B., Bao, L., Cai, W., … Lu, X. (2014). Highly regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diphenylnitrilimine to Sc₃N@I_h-C₈₀ affording a very stable, unprecedented pyrazole-ring fused derivative of endohedral metallofullerenes. Chem. Commun., 50(84), 12710–12713. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06134a

Zhou, Q., Li, H., Lian, Y., Suzuki, M., Bao, L., Cai, W., … Akasaka, T. (2014). Regioselective synthesis and molecular structure of the first derivative of praseodymium-containing metallofullerenes. Chem. Commun., 50(69), 9876–9878. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cc02949f

Ruan, J., Xie, Y., Cai, W., Slanina, Z., Mizorogi, N., Nagase, S., … Lu, X. (2014). Chemical Properties of Divalent Metallofullerenes Yb@D _3h(1)-C₇₄ and Yb@C ₂(13)-C₈₄. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 22(1–3), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383x.2013.794344

Zhang, W., Suzuki, M., Xie, Y., Bao, L., Cai, W., Slanina, Z., … Lu, X. (2013). Molecular Structure and Chemical Property of a Divalent Metallofullerene Yb@C₂(13)-C₈₄. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(34), 12730–12735. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405223t

Xie, Y., Suzuki, M., Cai, W., Mizorogi, N., Nagase, S., Akasaka, T., & Lu, X. (2013). Highly Regioselective Addition of Adamantylidene Carbene to Yb@C_2v(3)‐C₈₀ to Afford the First Derivative of Divalent Metallofullerenes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(19), 5142–5145. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201210164