Faculty Profiles

Brimbal, L. K. M., Roche, S. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2024). Interviewing and Interrogation Practices and Beliefs, 20 Years Later: A National Self-Report Survey of American Police. Law and Human Behavior, 48(4), 247–261. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000570

McAllister, M. J., Martaindale, M. H., Dillard, C. C., & Gonzalez, D. E. (2024). Stress response to virtual reality based active shooter training: Impact of caffeine consumption. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 161(106923). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106923

McAllister, M. J., Martaindale, M. H., Dillard, C. C., & McCullough, R. (2024). Impact of L-theanine and L-tyrosine on markers of stress and cognitive performance in response to a virtual reality active shooter training drill. Psychoneuroendocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106923

Doyle, M. K., Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2024). Oh, @#%$!: A Replication and Expansion of Martaindale et al. (2023). Policing: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2024-0089

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2024). The Chain of Survival: Responding to an Active Attack. TPPP.

Doyle, M. K., & Martaindale, M. H. (2024). #FalseFlag: Exploring themes in conspiracy theory tweets regarding the Robb Elementary School active shooter event. Journal of Qualitative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.21428/88de04a1.01db6fab

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., Duron, A., & McAllister, M. J. (2023). Can a virtual reality training scenario elicit similar stress response as a realistic scenario-based training scenario? Police Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111231182729

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2023). Wait for backup or not? How police officers view their role when responding to an active shooter event. Journal of Experimental Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-023-09592-8

McAllister, M. J., Gonzalez, D. E., Leonard, M., Martaindale, M. H., Bloomer, R. J., Pence, J., & Martin, S. E. (2023). Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in professional firefighters. Safety and Health at Work, 65(2), 119–124.

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Duron, A. (2023). Successfully securing a classroom door in an active shooter event: Examining two types of door locks. Journal of Mass Violence Research. https://doi.org/10.53076/JMVR74565

Dillard, C. C., Martaindale, M. H., Hunter, S. D., & McAllister, M. J. (2023). Slow breathing reduces biomarkers of stress in response to a virtual-reality active shooter training drill. Healthcare, 11(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162351

Schildkraut, J., & Martaindale, M. H. (2023). Arm the educators...but not without conditions: A qualitative assessment of law enforcement officers’ support for armed teacher policies. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2023.2287218

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2023). Wait for backup or not? How police officers view their role when responding to an active shooter event. Journal of Experimental Criminology.

Martaindale, M. H. (2023, August). Putting the lock in lockdown: Examining different options for schools. Rockefeller Institute of Government. Retrieved from https://rockinst.org/blog/putting-the-lock-in-lockdown-examining-different-options-for-schools/

Martaindale, M. H. (2023, February). Assessing acute stress response during live-action and virtual reality training. Police Chief Magazine, 26–27. Retrieved from https://www.policechiefmagazine.org/research-in-brief-assessing-acute-stress-response-during-live-action-virtual-reality-training/

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., Duron, A., & Blair, J. P. (2022). #&$@!: The impact of swear words on civilians’ perception of officer use of force. Police Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221111332

McAllister, M. J., Martaindale, M. H., Gonzalez, D. E., & Case, M. J. (2022). Virtual reality based active shooter training increases salivary and subjective markers of stress. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 95(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/PMCID: PMC8961715

Martaindale, M. H., & Schildkraut, J. (2022). Armed and considered capable? Law enforcement officers’ attitudes about armed teacher policies in the United States. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-022-00142-4

Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2022). What are we talking about? Definitional confusion within mass and active shooting research. Journal of Mass Violence Research, 1(2), 4–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53076/JMVR47829

McAllister, M. J., Gonzalez, D. E., Leonard, M., Martaindale, M. H., Bloomer, R. J., Pence, J., & Martin, S. E. (2022). Firefighters with higher cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrate lower markers of cardiovascular risk. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002632

Schildkraut, J., & Martaindale, M. H. (2022). Should firearms be allowed in K-12 public schools? An analysis of law enforcement’s perceptions of armed teacher policies. Security Journal. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-022-00327-4

Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Improving the accuracy of firearm identification in a dynamic use of force scenario. Police Quarterly, 24(1), 104–130. https://doi.org/1098611120944387

Blair, J. P., Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Correlates of the number shot and killed in active shooter events. Homicide Studies, 25(4), 335–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767920976727

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Spivey, E. D. (2021). An evaluation of light positioning on suspect accuracy in low light environments. Justice Evaluation Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1970482

McAllister, M. J., & Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Women demonstrate lower markers of stress and oxidative stress during active shooter training drill. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 6(100046). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100046

Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Active Shooter/Hostile Event Overview (Data). In Introduction to Active Shooter/Hostile Event Response. Fire Protection Publications.

Sandel, W. L., Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2020). A scientific examination of the 21-foot rule. Police Practice and Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1772785

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Curnutt, J. (2020). The ALERRT Room Entry System. Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center at Texas State University.

McAllister, M. J., Martaindale, M. H., & Renteria, L. I. (2020). Active shooter training drill increases blood and salivary markers of stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145042

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Sandel, W. L. (2019). Peek or push: An examination of two types of room clearing tactics for active shooter event response. Journal of Police Emergency Response. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019871052

Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2019). The evolution of active shooter response training protocols since Columbine: Lessons from the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 35(3), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986219840237

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2017). Active shooter events in the workplace: Findings and policy implications. Journal of Business Continuity and Emergency Planning, 11(1), 6–20.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2017). Throwing a chair could save officers’ lives during room entries. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 19, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355717711452

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2017). Active Shooter Events in Schools. The Journal of School Safety. Hoover, AL: National Association of School Resource Officers.

Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2017). Active shooter events in schools. The Journal of School Safety.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2015). Misrepresenting the FBI active shooter report: A response to Lott. ACJS Today, 40(3), 32–35.

Martaindale, M. H. (2015). Police considerations in active shooter events. Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette, 77(1).

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Nichols, T. (2014). Active shooter events from 2000 to 2012. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 83(1).

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2013). Evaluating police tactics: An empirical assessment of room entry techniques. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2013). United States active shooter events from 2000 to 2010: Training and equipment implications. ALERRT.

Martinez-Prather, K., McKenna, J. M., Calder, V., & Martaindale, M. H. (2013). Junior College Audit Report: Findings on Safety and Security in Texas Junior Colleges 2009-2012.