Portrait of Dr. Paul Christian Dawkins

Dr. Paul Christian Dawkins

  • Chair - Professor at Mathematics, College of Science & Engineering

Scholarly and Creative Works

2025

  • Melhuish, K. M., Patterson, C. L., & Dawkins, P. C. (n.d.). Broadening Views of Inquiry in Advanced Mathematics Through the Lens of Transformation. For the Learning of Mathematics.

2024

  • Czocher, J. A., Dawkins, P. C., & Weber, K. (2024). Using Values and Norms to Explain the Rationality of Rejecting Probabilistic Proofs. Logique et Analyse, 261, 19–40. Retrieved from https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=3293133&journal_code=LEA
  • Dawkins, P. C., Oehrtman, M., & Reed, Z. (2024). Advanced students’ actions for operationalizing multiply quantified relationships. International Journal for Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40753-024-00236-4
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2024). Unitizing predicates and reasoning about the logic of proofs. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 55, 76–95. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0155
  • Dawkins, P. C., Hackenberg, A. J., & Norton, A. (Eds.). (2024). Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology for Mathematics Education Research. Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47386-9
  • Patterson, C. L., Dawkins, P. C., Zolt, H. M., Tucci, A. A., Lew, K. M., & Melhuish, K. M. (2024). Adapting the proof of Lagrange’s Theorem into a sequence of group-work tasks. PRIMUS, 1–15.
  • Melhuish, K. M., Guajardo, L. R., Lew, K. M., Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (n.d.). An Elaboration of Master Narratives in Mathematics and How Undergraduates Relate to Counternarratives. In In Proceedings of the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA).
  • Roh, K. H., Contreras, N., Melhuish, K. M., Dawkins, P. C., Lew, K. M., & Guajardo, L. R. (n.d.). Symbolic Variations Across Mathematical Subareas: Exploring Challenges in Undergraduate Students’ Interpretation of Mathematical Symbols. In In Proceedings of the Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA).
  • Melhuish, K. M., Patterson, C. L., Dawkins, P. C., & Lew, K. M. (2024). Moving Beyond Show and Tell in Proof-Based Courses. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 72(1), 51–59.
  • Contreras, N., Dawkins, P. C., Guajardo, L. R., Harris, P., Lew, K. M., Melhuish, K. M., … Winger, A. (n.d.). Humanizing proof-based mathematics instruction through experiences reading rich proofs and mathematician stories. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Buchbinder, O. (n.d.). Why and how to engage teachers in evaluating geometric proofs and arguments: Commentary on SLO2. In The GeT course: Resources and Objectives for the Geometry Courses for Teachers. USA: Mathematics Association of America.
  • Wasserman, N., & Dawkins, P. C. (n.d.). University Geometry Courses as part of Secondary Teacher Education: Empirically grounding the GeT SLOs. In The GeT course: Resources and Objectives for the Geometry Courses for Teachers. USA: Mathematics Association of America.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Vroom, K. (n.d.). Researching proof viewed as a genre of text. In New directions for research on proving: Honoring the legacy of John and Annie Selden. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Küchle, V., & Dawkins, P. C. (2024). Genre Theories’ Potential for Researching Proof. In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Mathematical Education, TSG 3.13 Language and communication in the mathematics classroom.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2024). Logic in Genetic Epistemology. In Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology for Mathematics Education Research (pp. 339–369). Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47386-9_10
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2024). Skepticism and Constructivism. In Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology for Mathematics Education Research (pp. 541–562). Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47386-9_16
  • Dawkins, P. C., Hackenberg, A. J., & Norton, A. (2024). Introduction to Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology. In Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology for Mathematics Education Research (pp. 3–10). Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47386-9_1

2023

  • Dawkins, P. C., Roh, K. H., Eckman, D., & Cho, Y. K. (2023). Theo’s reinvention of the logic of conditional statements’ proofs rooted in set-based reasoning. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 70, 101043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2023.101043
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Weber, K. (2023). Identifying minimally invasive active classroom activities to be developed in partnership with mathematicians. In Mathematicians’ Reflections on Teaching: A Symbiosis with Mathematics Education Theories (Ed.) S. Stewart (pp. 103–121). Switzerland: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34295-0_6
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2023). Reinventing the Logic of Mathematical Disjunctions. In Sharing and Storing Knowledge about Teaching Undergraduate Mathematics An Introduction to a Written Genre for Sharing Lesson-specific Instructional Knowledge (pp. 21–32). Washington, D.C., United States of America: Mathematics Association of America. Retrieved from https://maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/pubs/books/members/NTE95_web.pdf
  • Melhuish, K. M., Lew, K. M., Hicks, M. D., Guajardo, L. R., Dawkins, P. C., & Morey, S. (2023). Proving, Analyzing, and Deepening Understanding of a Structural Property in Abstract Algebra. In Sharing and Storing Knowledge about Teaching Undergraduate Mathematics An Introduction to a Written Genre for Sharing Lesson-specific Instructional Knowledge (pp. 129–140). Washington, D.C., United States of America: Mathematics Association of America. Retrieved from https://maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/pubs/books/members/NTE95_web.pdf
  • Melhuish, K. M., Guajardo, L. R., Dawkins, P. C., Zolt, H. M., & Lew, K. M. (2023). The Role of Quotient Group Meanings in a Theorem and Proof Comprehension Task. Educational Studies in Mathematics.
  • Weber, K., Dawkins, P. C., & Lockwood, E. (2023). Proving as cooperative communication: Using Grice’s maxims and implicature to understand proof comprehension in undergraduate mathematics education. In RUME Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Melhuish, K. M., Lew, K. M., Dawkins, P. C., Strickland, S. K., & Patterson, C. L. (2023). Engineering Instructional Practices to Better Support Access and Participatory Equity in Authentic Proof Activity. In In Cook, S., Katz, B., & Moore-Russo D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Ruiz, S., Roh, K. H., Dawkins, P. C., Eckman, D., & Tucci, A. A. (2023). Differences in Students’ Beliefs and Knowledge Regarding Mathematical Proof: Comparing Novice and Experienced Provers. In RUME Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Tucci, A. A., Dawkins, P. C., Roh, K. H., Eckman, D., & Ruiz, S. (2023). Student Explanations and Justifications Regarding Converse Independence. In RUME Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Eckman, D., Roh, K. H., Dawkins, P. C., Ruiz, S., & Tucci, A. A. (2023). Two Vignettes on Students’ Symbolizing Activity for Set Relationships. In RUME Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Roh, K. H., Dawkins, P. C., Eckman, D., Ruiz, S., & Tucci, A. A. (2023). Instructional interventions and teacher moves to support student learning of logical principles in mathematical contexts. In RUME Conference Proceedings. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME25v2.pdf
  • Melhuish, K. M., Guajardo, L. R., Contreras, N., Dawkins, P. C., Diaz-Lopez, A., Garcia, R., … Winger, A. (n.d.). Opposing Dimensions in Mathematicians’ Counter Narratives Written for Undergraduate Students. In In Cook, S., Katz, B., & Moore-Russo D. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Buchbinder, O. (n.d.). Why and how to engage GeT students in evaluating geometric proofs and arguments: Commentary on SLO2. In The GeT course: Resources and Objectives for the Geometry Course for Teachers. Washington, D.C., USA: Mathematical Association of America.
  • Wasserman, N., & Dawkins, P. C. (n.d.). University Geometry Courses as part of Secondary Teacher Education: Empirically grounding the GeT SLOs. In The GeT course: Resources and Objectives for the Geometry Course for Teachers. Washington, D.C., USA: Mathematical Association of America.
  • Küchle, V., & Dawkins, P. C. (n.d.). Genre Theories and Their Potential for Studying Proof. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.

2022

  • Dawkins, P. C., & Norton, A. (2022). Identifying Mental Actions Necessary for Abstracting the Logic of Conditionals. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 66, 100954.
  • Mirin, A., & Dawkins, P. C. (2022). Do mathematicians interpret equations symmetrically? The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 66, 100959.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2022). Mathematics Educators as Polymaths, Brokers, and Learners: Commentary on the Tertiary Chapters on Argumentation, Justification, and Proof. In Conceptions and Consequences of Argumentation, Justification, and Proof (pp. 265–273). Springer Cham. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-80008-6
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2022). Aspects of Predication and their influence on reasoning about logic in discrete mathematics. ZDM Mathematics Education, 54, 881–893.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2022). The role of unitizing predicates in the construction of logic. In 12th Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education.
  • Fukawa-Connelly, T., Melhuish, K. M., Weber, K., Dawkins, P. C., & Orr-Woods, C. (2022). The Teaching of Proof-Based Mathematics Courses. In In Karunakaran, S. S., & Higgins, A. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Oehrtman, M., & Reed, Z. (2022). Advanced Students’ Actions for Operationalizing Quantification in Analysis. In 24th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education,.
  • Melhuish, K. M., Fukawa-Connelly, T., Dawkins, P. C., Woods, C., & Weber, K. (2022). Collegiate Mathematics Teaching in Proof-Based Courses: Updated Evidence About an Important Practice. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 67.
  • Melhuish, K. M., Dawkins, P. C., Lew, K. M., & Strickland, S. K. (2022). Lessons learned about incorporating high-leverage teaching practices in the undergraduate proof classroom to promote authentic and equitable participation. International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Zazkis, D., & Cook, J. P. (2022). How do transition to proof textbooks relate logic, proof techniques, and sets? PRIMUS, 32(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10511970.2020.1827322

2021

  • Dawkins, P. C., & Zazkis, D. (2021). Using Moment-by-Moment Reading Protocols to Understand Students’ Processes of Reading Mathematical Proof. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 52(5), 510–538.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Roh, K. H., Eckman, D., & Cho, Y. K. (2021). Theo’s reinvention of the logic of conditional statements’ proofs rooted in set-based reasoning. In 43rd Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for Psychology in Mathematics Education.
  • Cook, J. P., Dawkins, P. C., & Reed, Z. (2021). Explicating interpretations of equivalence in measurement contexts. For the Learning of Mathematics, 41(3), 36–41.

2020

  • Dawkins, P. C., & Zazkis, D. (2020). Students’ moment-by-moment reading of mathematical proof: findings from adapting an assessment methodology to mathematics text. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 52, 510–538.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2020). Assessing the roles of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in student interpretation of multiply quantified statements in mathematics. International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education., 6(1), 1–22.
  • Durand-Guerrier, V., & Dawkins, P. C. (2020). Logic in university mathematics education. In Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education (Ed.) S. Lerman. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-15789-0_100024
  • Weber, K., Dawkins, P. C., & Mejia-Ramos, J. P. (2020). The relationship between mathematical practice and mathematics pedagogy in mathematics education research. ZDM Mathematics Education, 52(6), 1063–1074. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01173-7
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2020). Identifying aspects of mathematical epistemology that might influence productively student reasoning beyond mathematics. ZDM Mathematics Education, 52(6), 1177–1186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01167-5
  • Weber, K., & Dawkins, P. C. (2020). The role of mathematicians’ practice in mathematics education research. ZDM Mathematics (6th ed., Vol. 52). Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/journal/11858/volumes-and-issues/52-6
  • Lew, K. M., Melhuish, K. M., & Dawkins, P. C. (2020). Proving Activities of Abstract Algebra Students in a Group Task-based Interview. In In Karunakaran, S. S., Reed, Z., & Higgins, A. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2020). Coordinating Two Meanings of Variables in Proofs that Apply Definitions Repeatedly. In 23rd Annual Conference on RUME. Retrieved from http://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME23.pdf

2019

  • Dawkins, P. C., Oehrtman, M., & Mahavier, W. T. (2019). Professor goals and student experiences in an IBL Real Analysis course: A case study. International Journal for Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education, 5(3), 315–336.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2019). Students’ pronominal sense of reference in mathematics. For the Learning of Mathematics, 39(1), 13–18.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Inglis, M., & Wasserman, N. (2019). The Use(s) of is in mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 100(2), 117–137.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2019). How Do Students Interpret Multiply Quantified Statements in Mathematics? In 22nd Annual Conference on RUME.
  • Cook, J. P., Dawkins, P. C., & Zazkis, D. (2019). How do Transition to Proof Textbooks Relate Logic, Proof Techniques, and Sets? In 22nd Annual Conference on RUME.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Zazkis, D. (2019). Observing Students’ Moment-by-Moment Reading of Mathematical Proof Activity. In 22nd Annual Conference on RUME.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2019, December 14). Review of “International Reflections on the Netherlands Didactics of Mathematics.” Mathematics Association of America. Retrieved from https://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/international-reflections-on-the-netherlands-didactics-of-mathematics-visions-on-and-experiences
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2019, July 28). Review of “Mathematics, Education, and Other Endangered Species.” Mathematics Association of America. Retrieved from https://www.maa.org/press/maa-reviews/mathematics-education-and-other-endangered-species

2018

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2018). Student interpretations of axioms in planar geometry. Investigations in Mathematics Learning, 10(4), 227–239.
  • Hub, A., & Dawkins, P. C. (2018). On the construction of set-based meaning for the truth of mathematical conditionals. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 50, 90–102.
  • Weber, K., & Dawkins, P. C. (2018). Toward an Evolving Theory of Mathematical Practice Informing Pedagogy: What standards for this research paradigm should we adopt? In Advances in Mathematics Education Research on Proof and Proving: An International Perspective (Eds.) A. Stylianides & G. Harel (pp. 69–82). Springer International Publishing.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Zazkis, D. (2018). Computational and inferential orientations: Lessons from observing undergraduates read mathematical proofs. In Proceedings of the Research on Undergraduate Mathematics Education Conference.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Inglis, M., & Wasserman, N. (2018). The use(s) of “is” in mathematics. In Proceedings of the Research on Undergraduate Mathematics Education Conference.
  • Dawkins, P. C., Oehrtman, M., & Mahavier, W. T. (2018). Professor Goals and Student Experiences in an IBL Real Analysis Course: A Case Study. In Proceedings of the Research on Undergraduate Mathematics Education Conference.
  • Czocher, J. A., Dawkins, P. C., & Weber, K. (2018). Alternative perspectives on cultural dimensions on proof in the mathematical curriculum: a reply to Shinno et al. For the Learning of Mathematics, 38(2), 25–27. Retrieved from https://flm-journal.org/index.php?do=show&lang=en&vol=38&num=2

2017

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2017). On the Importance of Set-based Meanings for Categories and Connectives in Mathematical Logic. International Journal for Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education, 3(3), 496–522.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Cook, J. P. (2017). Guiding reinvention of conventional tools of mathematical logic: Students’ reasoning about mathematical disjunctions. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 94(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-016-9722-7
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Weber, K. (2017). Values and norms of proof for mathematicians and students. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 95(2), 123–142.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2017). Helping students develop conscious understanding of axiomatizing. In B. Gold, C.E. Behrens, & R.A. Simons (Eds.). In Using the Philosophy of Mathematics in Teaching Undergraduate Mathematics (pp. 133–145). Washington, D.C., US: Mathematical Association of America.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Hub, A. (2017). Explicating the concept of contrapositive equivalence.
  • Hub, A., & Dawkins, P. C. (2017). A Case Study in Constructing Set-based Meanings for Conditional Truth.

2016

  • Dawkins, P. C., & Karunakaran, S. (2016). Why research on proof-oriented mathematical behavior should attend to the role of particular mathematical content. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 44, 65–75.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Karunakaran, S. (2016). Why research on proof-oriented mathematical behavior should attend to the role of particular mathematical content.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2016). Promoting Metalinguistic and Metamathematical Reasoning in Proof-Oriented Mathematics Courses: a Method and a Framework. International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education, 2(2), 197–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40753-016-0027-0

2015

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2015). Explication as a lens for the formalization of mathematical theory through guided reinvention. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 37, 63–82.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2015). In Pursuit of Coherent and Formalizable Understanding: Reflections on David Tall’s Three Worlds Framework. International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2015). Students’ strategies for assessing mathematical disjunctions.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Cook, J. P. (2015). Semantic and logical negation: Students’ non-normative interpretations of negative mathematical properties.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Cook, J. P. (2015). Guiding reinvention of conventional tools of mathematical logic: Students’ reasoning about mathematical disjunctions.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Cook, J. P. (2015). Semantic and logical negation: Students’ interpretations of negative predicates.

2014

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2014). When proofs reflect more on assumptions than conclusions. For the Learning of Mathematics, 34(2), 17–23.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Epperson, J. A. M. (2014). The development and nature of problem-solving among first-semester calculus students. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 45(6), 839–862.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2014). How students interpret and enact inquiry-oriented defining practices in undergraduate real analysis. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 33, 88–105.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2014). Student Interpretations of Axiomatizing.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2014). Disambiguating research on logic as it pertains to advanced mathematical practice.

2013

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2013). Individual adherence to inquiry-oriented norms of defining in advanced mathematics.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2013). Developing an explication analytical lens for proof-oriented mathematical activity.
  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2013). Using metaphors to support students’ ability to reason about logic.

2012

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2012). Extensions of the semantic/syntactic reasoning framework. For the Learning of Mathematics, 32(3), 39–45.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2012). Metaphor as a possible pathway to more formal understanding of the definition of sequence convergence. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 31(3), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2012.02.002

2011

  • Dawkins, P. C., & Roh, K. H. (2011). Mechanisms for scientific debate in real analysis classrooms.
  • Dawkins, P. C. (2011). Using concrete metaphor to encapsulate aspects of the definition of sequence convergence.

2010

  • Dawkins, P. C. (2010). Communal communication in undergraduate real analysis: The Case of Cyan.