Faculty Profiles

Blair, J. P. (2024). TacticalScience.substack.com.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2024). The Chain of Survival: Responding to an Active Attack. TPPP.

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2023). Wait for backup or not? How police officers view their role when responding to an active shooter event. Journal of Experimental Criminology.

Blair, J. P., & Duron, A. (2023). How police officers are shot and killed during active shooter events: Implications for response and training. The Police Journal, 96(3), 411–429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X221087827

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., Duron, A., & Blair, J. P. (2022). #&$@!: The impact of swear words on civilians’ perception of officer use of force. Police Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111221111332

Blair, J. P., Sandel, W. L., & Martaindale, M. H. (2021). Correlates of the number shot and killed in active shooter events. Homicide Studies, 25(4), 335–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767920976727

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Spivey, E. D. (2021). An evaluation of light positioning on suspect accuracy in low light environments. Justice Evaluation Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1970482

Sandel, W. L., Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2020). A scientific examination of the 21-foot rule. Police Practice and Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1772785

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Curnutt, J. (2020). The ALERRT Room Entry System. Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center at Texas State University.

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Sandel, W. L. (2019). Peek or push: An examination of two types of room clearing tactics for active shooter event response. Journal of Police Emergency Response. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019871052

Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2019). The evolution of active shooter response training protocols since Columbine: Lessons from the Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training Center. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 35(3), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986219840237

Blair, J. P., Reimer, T., & Levine, T. R. (2018). The role of consistency in detecting deception: The superiority of correspondence over coherence. Communication Studies, 69(5), 483–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2018.1447492.

Levine, T., & Blair, J. P. (2018). Accurate expert deception detection: Faulty premises in Vrij et al. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 10(2), 8–13.

Kringen, J. A., Blair, J. P., & Emigh, M. (2018). Pedagogical issues in criminal justice: Often-ignored problems with null hypothesis significance testing. ACJS Today, 43(3), 13–22.

Blair, J. P. (2018). A consideration of significance testing. ACJS Today, 43(1), 5–6.

Martaindale, M. H., Sandel, W. L., & Blair, J. P. (2017). Active shooter events in the workplace: Findings and policy implications. Journal of Business Continuity and Emergency Planning, 11(1), 6–20.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2017). Throwing a chair could save officers’ lives during room entries. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 19, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355717711452

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2017). Active Shooter Events in Schools. The Journal of School Safety. Hoover, AL: National Association of School Resource Officers.

Martaindale, M. H., & Blair, J. P. (2017). Active shooter events in schools. The Journal of School Safety.

Blair, J. P., Levine, T., & Vasquez, B. E. (2015). Producing deception detection expertise. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 38, 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2014-0092

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2015). Misrepresenting the FBI active shooter report: A response to Lott. ACJS Today, 40(3), 32–35.

Levine, T. R., Blair, J. P., & Clare, D. (2014). Diagnostic utility: Experimental demonstrations and replications of powerful question effects in high stakes deception detection. Human Communication Research, 40, 262–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12021

Levine, T. R., Claire, D. D., Blair, J. P., McCornack, S., Morrison, K., & Park, H. S. (2014). Expertise in deception detection involves actively prompting diagnostic information rather than passive behavioral observation. Human Communication Research, 40, 442–462.

Blair, J. P., Martaindale, M. H., & Nichols, T. (2014). Active shooter events from 2000 to 2012. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 83(1).

Blair, J. P., & Schweit, K. W. (2014). A Study of Active Shooter Incidents 2000-2013. Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation/Department of Justice.

Blair, J. P. (2014). Analysis of 84 active shooter events since 2000. In In C. Wexler (Ed.) The police response to active shooter incidents. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.

Blair, J. P., Curnutt, J., Burns, D., & Nichols, T. (2013). Active shooter events and response. Wesborough, MA: Taylor & Francis.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2013). Evaluating police tactics: An empirical assessment of room entry techniques. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.

Levine, T. R., Shulman, H. C., Carpenter, C. J., DeAndrea, D. C., & Blair, J. P. (2013). The impact of accusatory, non-accusatory, bait, and false evidence questioning on deception detection. Communication Research Reports, 30, 169–174.

Blair, J. P., & Martaindale, M. H. (2013). United States active shooter events from 2000 to 2010: Training and equipment implications. ALERRT.

Blair, J. P., Nichols, T., Burns, D., & Curnutt, J. R. (2013). Active Shooter Events and Response. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b14996

Blair, J. P., Levine, T. R., Reimer, T. O., & McCluskey, J. D. (2012). The gap between reality and research: Another look at detecting deception in field settings. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 4, 723–740.

Blair, J. P., Pollock, J., Montague, D., Nichols, T., & Burns, D. (2011). Reasonableness and reaction time. Police Quarterly, 14, 323–343.

Blair, J. P., Levine, T. R., & Shaw, A. J. (2010). Content in context improves deception detection accuracy. Human Communication Research, 36, 423–442.

Blair, J. P., & Rossmo, D. K. (2010). Evidence in context: Bayes’ theorem and investigations. Police Quarterly, 13, 123–135.

Arial, D. L., Blair, J. P., & Smith, L. M. (2010). Audit inquires and deception detection: Standards, research, and guidance. Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting, 2, 1–25.

Levine, T. R., Kim, R. K., & Blair, J. P. (2010). (In)accuracy at detecting true and false confessions and denials:  An initial test of a projected motive model of veracity judgments. Human Communication Research, 36, 82–102.

Blair, J. P., & Hom, P. (2010). Understanding False confessions. European Polygraph, 4, 13–26.

Blair, J. P. (2009). Interview and interrogation. In The use of the polygraph in assessing, treating, and supervising sex offenders: A practitioners guide (pp. 243–266). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.

Blair, J. P. (2009). A survey of past ALERRT participants. ALERRT.

Burgoon, J. K., Blair, J. P., & Storm, R. E. (2008). Heuristics and modalities in determining truth versus deception. Human Communication Research, 34, 572–599.

Horvath, F., Blair, J. P., & Buckley, J. P. (2008). The Behavioral Analysis Interview: Clarifying the practice, theory and understanding of its use and effectiveness. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 10, 101–118.

Lachlen, K. A., Blair, J. P., Skalski, P., Westerman, D., & Spence, P. (2007). Media coverage of the Cincinnati riots and implications for law enforcement public relations. The Police Forum, 16, 1, 12–23.

Blair, J. P. (2007). The roles of interrogation, perception, and individual differences in producing complaint false confessions. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 13, 173–186.

Blair, J. P., & Horvath, F. (2007). A critical review of false confessions literature, 13, 400.

Blair, J. P. (2007). Educing information group sub-report. Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment Summit Report.

Blair, J. P., Burgoon, J. K., Buller, D. B., & Tilley, P. (2006). Sex differences in presenting and detecting deceptive messages. In Sex differences and similarities in communication (pp. 263–280). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Blair, J. P. (2006). Can response bias be manipulated? Journal of Crime and Justice, 29, 141–152.

Blair, J. P. (2005). What do we know about interrogation? Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 20, 44–57.

Blair, J. P. (2005). A test of the unusual false confession perspective using cases of proven false confessions. The Criminal Law Bulletin, 41, 127–144.

Blair, J. P., Burgoon, J. K., & Storm, R. E. (2005). Heuristics and modalities in determining truth versus deception, 1–17.

Blair, J. P., & Horvath, F. (2005). An evaluation of sex-offender polygraph testing in Detroit. Michigan Department of Corrections.

Blair, J. P., Burgoon, J. K., & Marett, K. (2004). Detecting deception in computer-mediated communication. In Computers in Society: Privacy, Ethics & the Internet (pp. 154–166). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Blair, J. P., & Kooi, B. K. (2004). The gap between research and training in the detection of deception. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 6, 77–83.

Blair, J. P., Burgoon, J. K., Qin, T., & Nunamaker, Jr., J. F. (2003). Detecting deception through linguistic analysis, 91–101.

Blair, J. P., & McCamey, W. (2002). Detection of deception: An Analysis of the behavioral analysis interview technique. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 2, 165–169.

Blair, J. P., & Culpepper, A. J. (2002). An evaluation of S.T.O.P. II. Michigan Department of Corrections.